我家的第二届人 + “人”口普查

时间：09-Nov-2024

总数：相信你的能力！

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“人”

母鸡

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注解：

1. 排名不分先后

2. 保留所有解释权

3. 一切皆在法律允许范围内

4. 划掉的为不幸过世的

5. 有问题私信

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Start 9/Nov/2024

FW: [Report] Quantifying Global International Migration Flows

The figure is very attractive!

Feed: Science: Current Issue
Posted on: Friday, 28 March 2014 11:00 AM
Author: Guy J. Abel
Subject: [Report] Quantifying Global International Migration Flows

Estimates are provided for the international flow of people over 5-year periods between 1990 and 2010. Authors: Guy J. Abel, Nikola Sander


View article...<http://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6178/1520.summary?rss=1>

做科研，需要投入多少时间？（2）

以前发过的一个讨论科研时间的博客：

http://qfhou.blogspot.com/2011/09/how-long-you-should-work-in-scientific.html

蒲教授2011年当选中国科学院外籍院士（蒲慕明

Muming Poo，63，美国，神经生物学，中国科学院神经科学研究所，美国加州大学伯克利分校）

以下是网络翻出来的蒲教授曾经写给小组研究人员的一封信。我想说的是，研究可以作为一份工作，但绝不是一份普通的工作，因为它追求的不是付出和金钱的对等，而是有更高的追求；否则为什么还有那么多人投入那么多时间精力做科研，而收入的金钱却不对等？至于特殊性在哪里，我个人才疏学浅，不发表意见，大家自己体会吧！

自己引以为鉴吧！

The most important thing is what I consider to be sufficient amount of time and effort in the lab work. I mentioned that about 60 hr working time per week is what I consider the minimal time an average successful young scientist in these days has to put into the lab work……I suggest that everyone puts in at least 6 hr concentrated bench work and 2+ hr reading and other research-related activity each day. Reading papers and books should be done mostly after work.

附：2001年蒲慕明教授写给他实验室学生的信（注：来自网络，稍作整理）：

Lab members:

Over the past several months, it has become clear to me that if there is no drastic change in the lab, Poo lab will soon cease to be a productive, first-rate lab that you chose to join in the first place. Lab progress reports over the past six months have clearly shown the lack of progress in most projects. one year ago, when we first moved to Berkeley, I expressed clearly to everyone my expectation from each one in the lab. The most important thing is what I consider to be sufficient amount of time and effort in the lab work. I mentioned that about 60 hr working time per week is what I consider the minimal time an average successful young scientist in these days has to put into the lab work. There may be a few rare lucky fellows like Florian, who had two Nature papers in his sleeve already, can enjoy life for a while and still get a job offer from Harvard. No one else in the lab has Florian's luxury to play around. Thus I am imposing strict rules in the lab from now on:

1. Everyone works at least 50 hr a week in the lab （e.g., 8+ hr a day, six days a week）. This is by far lower than what I am doing every day and throughout most of my career. You may be smarter or do not want to be successful, but I am not asking you to match my time in the lab.

2. By working, I mean real bench work. This does not include surfing on the computer and sending and receiving e-mails for non-scientific matters unrelated to your work （you can do this after work in the lab or at home, and excessive chatting on nonscientific matters. No long lunch break except special occasions. I suggest that everyone puts in at least 6 hr concentrated bench work and 2+ hr reading and other research-related activity each day. Reading papers and books should be done mostly after work. More time can be spent on reading, literature search and writing during working hours when you are ready for writing a paper.

3. I must be informed in person by e-mail （even in my absence from the lab）when you are absent from the lab for a whole day or more. Informed me early your vacation plan. Taking more than 20 working days out of one year is the maximum to me. In fact, none of you are reporting any vacation and sick leave on your time sheet （against the university rule, although I have been signing the sheets）, but you know roughly how many days you were not here. On the whole, I understand and accept the fact that you may not fulfill the above requirements all the time, due to health reasons, occasional personal business. But if you do not like to follow the rules because it is simply a matter of choice of life style, I respect your choice but suggest you start making plans immediately and leave the lab by the end of January 31. I will do my best to help you to locate a lab to transfer or to find a job. If you do accept the conditions I describe above, I am happy to continue to provide my best support to your work, hopefully more than I have done in the past. I will review the progress of everyone in the lab by the end of June of 2002. I expect everyone to have made sufficient progress in the research so that a good paper is in sight （at least to the level of J.Neuroscience）. If you cannot meet this goal at that time, I will have to ask you to prepare to leave my lab by the end of August.

***********

Mu-ming：

 As a scientist, you must dedicate everything to this business 作为一个科学家，你必须把一切都献身给科研事业.

－ Working time: 8-hour is unpractical. There is NO way for a scientist or a Ph.D student to workonly 8 hours a day! 每天仅仅工作8个小时是不行的。对于一个博士或者科学家，每天仅仅工作8个小时根本根本就是死路一条！（"NO way"）

Prof. Leo Kadanoff won the Isaac Newton Medal by IOP who has a review paper about granular matter (sands)

The Institute of Physics (IOP) today announces this year’s award winners with the Isaac Newton Medal, IOP’s international medal, going to theoretical condensed matter physicist Professor Leo Kadanoff (pictured) for his outstanding contributions to physics.

Professor Kadanoff is an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Chicago, a distinguished research chair at the Perimeter Institute in Canada, and a former president of the American Physical Society.  During his career he has worked on areas as diverse as superconductivity, phase transitions, urban growth and planning, and disorder, turbulence and chaos in physical systems.

On receipt of the award, Professor Kadanoff said, “I feel absolutely wonderful about it.  It’s a recognition made all the more wonderful by hearing about the great people who received the prize before me.”

One review paper:

L. P. Kadanoff. Built upon sand: Theoretical ideas inspired by granular flows. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71(1999) 435-444.

Conclusions: Throughout this paper, our main question has been Can a granular material be described by hydrodynamic equations, most specifically those equations which apply

to an ordinary fluid? It seems to me that the answer is ‘‘no!’’ Glassy behavior is familiar, but it is not fully described by any simple set of partial differential equations.

It is also not fully understood. In fact, there are a rich variety of familiar but weakly understood Nonequilibrium problems. These range from plastic flow to crack propagation to charge density waves and to ordinary

and spin glasses. Granular materials form a particularly rich example of this kind of system, with behaviours which are, at this moment, not fully understood.